Case-control studies: Design issues for criminological applications

The current understanding of the determinants of homicide derives primarily from studies in which data are aggregated for geopolitical units. Case-control studies and other analytic methods are needed to test causal hypotheses regarding the risk of homicide victimization or perpetration for individuals. Strengths and limitations of the case-control method are illustrated by comparing the design with cohort studies. Fundamental issues include the selection and comparability of cases and controls, effects of biases, interpretation of risk estimates, and problems of implementation. Increased use of this method should advance our understanding of homicide and other forms of intentional violence.Presented in part at the 37th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology, San Diego, California, November 16, 1985.     

合资企业股权确认／变更争议为民事案件非行政案件——评最高人民法院（2002）民四终字第14号民事裁定书

中外合资/作经营企业股权确认及/或变更争议案件为平等主体之间的民商事案件,可以通过仲裁或民事诉讼得以解决.对此,人民法院不应裁定通过行政复议或者行政诉讼予以解决.行政机关不予审批的不作为行为以及当事人的意思自治是提起行政许可诉讼的两个基本要件.当事人对行政机关的正常行政许可行为不服不构成行政诉讼的标的,但构成行政复议的内容.当事人通过虚假或欺骗行为获得的行政许可,如本案的股权变更等,依法可通过向行政部门申请撤销得到补救.当事人只有在行政机关不作为不予撤销以欺骗行为获得的行政许可/审批时才应提起行政诉讼.     

公安院校犯罪心理学教学改革刍议

犯罪心理学在公安院校课程设置中一直处于重要的专业基础课地位,但长期以来一直没有较大的进步和发展,并存在着教学方法与对象目标不相适应、教学内容与公安实践结合不紧密等现象。公安院校犯罪心理学科教学应在精练理论知识的同时,建构有利于培养学生分析问题和解决问题能力的教材体系,加强经典案例教学,尝试研究性学习教学方法,加大犯罪心理学科实践能力培养力度,以此促进犯罪心理学教学改革。     

A Survey of International Studies Programs at Liberal Arts Colleges and Universities in the Midwest: Characteristics and Correlates

International studies majors have become increasingly popular at liberal arts colleges and universities in the Midwest. What are the features of various international studies programs, particularly regarding the degree of "structure" in the major? What factors appear to be related to whether a liberal arts college or university offers an international studies major in the first place? What explains the variations that exist that characterize international studies majors? This paper empirically investigates these questions by surveying sixty-six liberal arts and sciences colleges and universities in Illinois, Iowa, and Missouri. We find that although international studies majors are somewhat prevalent in the "heartland," there is considerable variation in how they are structured. Further, the results suggest that whether or not an institution has an international studies program is largely a function of whether an institution has a graduate program in a field that allows for a concentration in international affairs. We conclude with some observations that might promote future discussion on development of international studies majors.     

If Violence Is Domestic, Does It Really Count?

Estimates of the prevalence of marital violence have been found to vary dramatically from survey to survey. This paper addresses one potential explanation for this difference which involves the focus and format of different surveys. We examine the extent to which survey respondents are willing to report marital violence in a context which focuses on criminal behaviors as opposed to a family violence context. In a very basic way, this answers a question as to whether individuals are willing to define acts of marital violence as criminal. Methodologically, it is a measurement issue which seriously affects the ability to compare findings across samples. National Youth Survey data are used to compare rates of generalized spousal assault and victimization reported in a crime context with rates of marital assault and victimization reported in a family violence context. Results indicate that 40 to 83% of all marital assaults and victimizations reported in the marital violence section are not reported in a format which focuses on criminal assault and victimization.     

行政行为的可诉性标准探析

本文从内部行政行为的可诉性入手,针对行政行为的可诉性标准探讨了行政诉讼受案范围扩大的必然趋势。从司法最终救济和穷尽行政救济原则出发,探讨了合理界定行政权和司法权在行政诉讼中的地位和作用。     

中国西部地区的体育资源开发--云南省体育资源开发的启示

体育产业作为新兴朝阳产业 ,有着广阔的发展前景 ,在西部大开发中 ,应充分认识开发体育产业的重要意义。云南省体育资源开发已有了一个良好的开端 ,其发展战略、发展路径、发展目标和产业运作等都有一些成功的经验和失误的教训 ,这对中国西部地区乃至更大范围内将会产生一定的启示。     

Violent Crime in the Urban Community: A Comparison of Stockholm and Basel

In this article the authors present some preliminary findings from a comparative study of police recorded violent crimes in Stockholm and Basel. They present the first results from a comparative analysis of the situational context, the ecology of crime, and of offender residences in these cities. There is impressive evidence of basic similarities in the situational context of violent crime and the residential distribution of violent offenders. Yet there are also significant differences, some of which may have interesting implications for crime prevention. Firstly, violent crime seems to be more highly concentrated during weekend nights in Stockholm than in Basel. Secondly, they find evidence that the presence of weapons in a community increases the risk of more serious outcomes of violent events. Efforts to reduce the availability of weapons may thus have significant effects on the outcomes of violence, but not necessarily on its frequency. Thirdly, they show that offenders in both cities are highly concentrated in socially disorganised communities with few economic and social resources.     

引入判例法机制作用谈

成文法以填充的方式实现对法律的完善,判例法以生长的方式实现对法律的完善,这两种方式都各有优缺点。大陆法系和英美法系为弥合法律空隙所采用的将成文法与判例法有机混合的方式,是完善法制的有效途径。我国古代混合法的存在为在司法制度中引入判例法机制提供了实证依据。我国引入判例法机制对司法制度的改革与完善有着重要的意义。本文还就判例法机制的指导思想与运行规则提出了基本设想。     

Exploring the Social Context of Instrumental and Expressive Homicides: An Application of Qualitative Comparative Analysis

Using data from the UCR's Supplementary Homicide Reports, the methodof qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) is used to examine whetherinstrumental and expressive homicides are similar or unique in their socialcontext (i.e., combinations of offender, victim, and situationalcharacteristics). Instrumental and expressive homicides are found to haveboth common and unique social contexts, but the vast majority of homicideincidents involve combinations of individual and situational factors thatare common in both general types of homicides. Among subtypes ofinstrumental (like rape, prostitution, robbery murders) and expressivehomicides (like lovers' triangles, brawls, and arguments), there iswide variability in their prevalence of unique and common components. Afterdiscussing these results, the paper concludes with illustrations of how QCAmay be used in other areas within criminology.